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Hotel Booking Environment Canada, the Quebec Department of the Environment and the City of Montreal yesterday made public the results of a second study carried out in a residential area of Montreal, which reconfirmed that wood-fired residential heating in winter is a major source of air pollution.

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Travel Agency In fact, the results of a sampling program launched in the winter of 1999 show once again that residential wood-fired heating is an important source of air pollution if this form of heating is used in winter. The Rivire-des- Prairies district of Montr al was selected as the sampling site because of the large number of people using this form of heating in that area and the lack of impact from other sources of pollution such as industry and transport. This district is typical of many residential districts in the Greater Montreal area.

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Cheap Hotel If the results obtained in this district are compared with those from a control site in downtown Montreal, the study shows that the concentrations of certain pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), fine particles (PM2,5 ), dioxins and furans, as well as certain metals are significantly greater than those recorded at the downtown control site and much greater in winter than in summer. This difference can be attributed to local sources of pollution, the most important of which is wood-fired heating.

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Flight Booking Several medical studies have shown that wood burning can be harmful to human health. Although the public is generally less sensitive to the effects of this type of combustion, young children, the elderly and individuals with respiratory or heart problems can be affected. In order to avoid or reduce such health effects, it is recommended that outdoor physical activity be reduced when air quality is poor.

Except for telephone bookings made through one of our authorised Travel Agents, we will endeavor to send this to you within 7 days of receiving your booking. For telephone bookings made through Travel Agents, your booking is confirmed when we verbally confirm your holiday to your travel agent. A contract between us comes into existence when we despatch our confirmation invoice to you or, for telephone bookings made through a Travel Agent, when we verbally confirm you booking to your Travel Agent.

Travel Agent To limit exposure to contaminants produced by wood heating, people can take certain measures such as avoiding using fireplaces and wood stoves when specific weather conditions favour the accumulation of pollutants in the air. The Info-Smog program issues daily air-quality forecasts and warnings of these conditions in the Greater Montreal area.

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Hotel Chicago Moreover, sound practices can reduce the harmful effects of wood-heating. Thus, when wood is used for heating, dry hardwood must be used and using domestic waste such as plastics and treated or painted wood should be avoided, especially in Montreal, where burning of such substances is prohibited in any event. Consumers planning to purchase a stove or fireplace should opt for equipment that is certified in compliance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) or with Canadian Standards Association standard B415.1-00 (CSA or ACNOR in French).

Online Booking It should be noted that Environment Canada, the Quebec Department of the Environment and the City of Montreal are working together to reduce air pollution and to protect the health of the public.

Travel Health Insurance Further information Additional advice and recommendations can be obtained on the Websites of the three partners: Environment Canada: http://lavoieverte.qc.ec.gc.ca/atmos/smog Quebec Department of the Environment: http://www.menv.gouv.qc.ca/air/chauf-bois/ City of Montral: http://www.rsqa.qc.ca/ (Egalement offert en fran ais)

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London Hotel Booking Residential Wood Heating SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM 1999 TO 2002 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Discount Travel A study conducted in 1998 by the Regroupement montralais pour la qualit de l'air (RMQA) identified residential wood heating as one of the main sources of air pollution in the Greater Montreal area. Several medical studies indicate that wood combustion may have a negative impact on human health.

Orlando Hotel During the winter of 1999, samples taken from a monitoring station located in Rivire-des-Prairies showed that the concentrations of several pollutants were greater in this residential area than in downtown Montreal. Furthermore, a survey conducted by the Direction de la sant publique de Montral-centre in 2000 confirmed that this residential district, located northeast of Montreal, is among the sectors of the island where most homes are heated by wood by a primary or secondary heating system.

Booking Agency This brochure summarizes the results obtained between December 1998 and May 2002, by comparing values obtained in downtown Montreal with values measured in winter and summer in a residential area where residential wood combustion is popular. It also assesses the impact of residential wood combustion on the concentrations of various products found in the air and the influence of meteorological conditions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins and furans (D/F), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fine particulate matter(PM2.5), and metals are among the pollutants measured in the course of the project.

International Travel Medical POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

New York Hotel During the four winters, the mean daily concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured in the area influenced by residential wood combustion was 74.6 ng/m3. This concentration is five times greater than the concentration measured in summer, and twice the concentration measured in the downtown area in winter. At the residential area, the highest monthly values occurred from November to February, reaching a peak in January.

Online Travel Booking PAHs were also measured using a continuous analyzer in the residential sector influenced by wood combustion. The highest mean hourly value (144 ng/m3) occurred during the evening on weekends in winter. This value was 30% higher than on weekday evenings in winter, and 10 times higher than during the evening in summer.

Travel Medical Insurance DIOXINS AND FURANS

Miami Hotel Among the dioxins and furans (D/F) emitted during wood combustion, 17 compounds are of particular concern as regards to their impact on human health. Their concentrations are expressed in terms of toxicity equivalent (TEQ) as compared to the most toxic product of the group. In the residential area, the mean concentration in toxicity equivalent was 2.5 times greater in winter (0.069 pg TEQ/m3) than in summer (0.028 pg TEQ/m3) and 1.7 times greater than in downtown Montreal in winter (0.041 pg TEQ/m3).

Air Deccan Booking The mean concentration in 2001 was 0.049 pg TEQ/m3 in the residential area and 0.031 pg TEQ/m3 in the downtown area. In both cases, the concentrations stood below the annual criteria established at 0.060 pg TEQ/m3 by the ministre de l'Environnement du Qu bec.

Las Vegas Nevada Travel VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Las Vegas Nv Hotel Contrary to the winter of 1999, we did not find any significant differences in the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in the residential area and in downtown Montreal. However, the presence of certain VOCs at levels similar to those measured downtown is probably caused by wood combustion in the residential area, since motor vehicle traffic, also known as a source of VOCs, is not important in this sector.

Hotel Florence Booking Online FINE PARTICULATES

Orlando Travel In winter, daily concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) were 10% greater in the residential area (10.1 ug/m3) than in downtown Montreal (9.2 ug/m3), and were also 10% greater than in summer in the residential area. When only the evening levels of PM2.5 are taken into account (from 6 p.m. to midnight), the difference between concentrations measured in the residential area (13.9 ug/m3) and in downtown Montreal (11.0 ug/m3) reached 25% in winter. Lastly, PM2.5 concentrations measured in the residential area in winter were 60% greater than the concentrations measured on summer evenings.

Hilton Hotel As for PAHs, PM2.5 concentrations are greater on winter weekend evenings. Hourly average concentrations reached 17.9 ug/m3, while they were only 14.6 ug/m3 during weekdays which represents a difference of about 20%. No such discrepancy was noted in summer, either during the day or at night.

Booking Delta Com METALS

Travel Insurance Online Among all the metals measured, the presence of potassium, and its relation with iron are recognized as tracers for wood combustion. The concentrations of potassium measured in the residential sector in winter (0.13 ug/m3) were 150% greater than in the summer, and 40% greater than concentrations measured downtown in winter. High potassium to iron ratio (K/Fe) provides an indicator for wood combustion. In the residential sector, this ratio was 200% higher in winter than in summer, and 80% higher than in the downtown area in winter.

London Hotel METEOROLOGY

Online Hotel Booking Meteorogical conditions influence pollutant concentrations present in ambient air in winter. For instance, the wind can disperse pollutants emitted by local sources such as wood combustion. During the evening, when wind speed is abobe 15 km/h in the residential area, PM2.5 concentrations are generally below 5 ug/m3. However, concentrations can increase to 60 ug/m3 when wind speeds are below 2 km/h. Calm winds allow for the accumulation of pollutants near local emissions.

Travel Insurance Meteorological conditions such as wind speed, relative humidity, temperature and air stability can explain up to 60% of the variability of PM2.5 concentrations measured during the winter evenings. This suggests that in winter, the contribution of local sources to PM2.5 concentrations is important in the residential area.

Paris Hotel CONCLUSION

Airline Booking Results obtained between the winter of 1999 and the summer of 2002 in the residential area of Montreal where wood heating is significant, indicate that wood combustion contributes to the deterioration of ambient air quality. Concentrations of certain pollutants can be five times higher in winter than in summer. When the residential area influenced by wood combustion is compared to the downtown area, winter concentrations can be twice as important. Results obtained after the winter of 1999, notably for the continuous measurements of PM2.5 and PAHs, confirm the results of the first sampling program.

Travel Trailer To know when to avoid burning wood, consult the winter INFO-SMOG Web site which provides daily air quality forecasts from December to April:

San Francisco Hotel http://lavoieverte.qc.ec.gc.ca/atmos/smog/

Air Ticket Booking The INFO-SMOG program partners also provide additional information on their respective Web sites:

Cheap Travel http://www.menv.gouv.qc.ca/air/info-smog
http://www.rsqa.qc.ca (available in French only)
http://www.santepub-mtl.qc.ca/environnement/ (available in French only)

Bangkok Hotel For further information: Environment Canada: Andr Germain, Section de la qualit de l'air: (514) 496-7673; Quebec Department of the Environment: Patrick Septembre, Communications Adviser: (418) 521-3823, Extension 4173; City of Montral: Natacha Beauchesne, Communications Adviser: (514) 872-6013, For further information contact: To receive automatic e-mail notification of all Environment Canada news releases, media advisories, and statements, please click on this URL to subscribe: http://www.ec.gc.ca/mediaroom/newsrelease/e/subscribe_e.cfm

Music Booking Canada NewsWire - 12/20/2004

Topic: Air Pollution

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